Originality Requirement

By submitting to BJRD, authors confirm that the manuscript is original, unpublished, not under consideration elsewhere, and appropriately cites all sources, data, figures, tables, text, ideas, and materials borrowed from others.

Forms of Plagiarism and Overlap

• copying text, sentences, paragraphs, figures, tables, images, equations, diagrams, or other materials without quotation, permission where required, and proper citation;
• paraphrasing too closely without proper attribution;
• using another person’s ideas, arguments, interpretations, data, or analyses without acknowledgement;
• submitting a manuscript written by another person or generated by an undisclosed tool as one’s own work;
• duplicate publication or redundant publication of substantially the same work;
• unacceptable text recycling or self-plagiarism from the authors’ prior publications without citation and justification; and
• undisclosed translation or republication of previously published work.

Similarity Screening

BJRD may screen submissions using similarity detection software such as Turnitin and may repeat screening after revision or before publication. Similarity reports are interpreted by editors; the percentage alone is not decisive. The journal considers the nature, source, location, amount, and seriousness of overlap.

Editorial Action

Depending on the severity and stage of the case, BJRD may request clarification, require revision, reject the manuscript, contact authors’ institutions, publish a correction, issue an expression of concern, retract the article, or restrict future submissions for a defined period. Serious plagiarism, duplicate publication, fabricated evidence, or deliberate concealment may be treated as publication misconduct.

Preprints, Theses and Conference Papers

Authors must disclose prior dissemination of the work, including preprints, theses, working papers, institutional reports, or conference proceedings. BJRD may consider manuscripts based on such work where the submission provides a substantially developed scholarly contribution, the prior version is disclosed, copyright is not breached, and the relationship between versions is transparent.